Which type of input validation checks data against a table of acceptable values?

The correct choice is a look-up table, which is designed to validate input by comparing the values entered against a predefined list of acceptable values. This method is particularly useful in scenarios where data must conform to specific criteria, such as user roles, product IDs, or valid codes. By referencing a table, the system can ensure that any input matches an expected value, thus reducing errors and improving data integrity.

Other types of validation serve different purposes. A syntax error focuses on checking whether the format of the input adheres to the expected syntax rules, such as ensuring that an email address contains an "@" symbol. A presence check verifies whether a required field has been filled out but does not evaluate the content of the input against accepted values. A logic error addresses issues in the program's logic or calculations, which may occur after input validation has taken place, rather than during the input phase itself.