Which component uniquely identifies a record in a database table?

The primary key is the component that uniquely identifies each record in a database table. It ensures that no two records have the same value for the primary key field, thereby allowing for efficient data retrieval and maintaining data integrity. In relational database design, a primary key can be a single column or a combination of columns. This unique identification is crucial, especially when you need to perform operations like updates or deletes, as it allows the database management system to locate the exact record without ambiguity.

While foreign keys, record identifiers, and secondary indexes play important roles in databases, they do not uniquely identify records in the same way. A foreign key is used to establish relationships between tables and may contain duplicate values. A record identifier is not a standard term commonly used in database terminology. A secondary index improves the performance of queries but does not ensure uniqueness of records either. Therefore, the primary key is the definitive answer when identifying records uniquely within a database table.