What operation is performed by the BOOLEAN data type?

The BOOLEAN data type is specifically designed to represent two possible values: true or false. This makes it particularly useful in logical operations, conditions, and decision-making processes in programming. For example, BOOLEAN values are commonly used in conditional statements such as "if" statements to determine the flow of execution based on certain conditions being met or not.

The other options illustrate different data types and their uses. Mathematical calculations are handled by numeric data types, writing content is associated with string or text data types, and tracking date values pertains to date or time data structures. These data types serve distinct purposes and do not represent the binary true/false nature of the BOOLEAN data type.