What is described as a low-level language used to communicate directly with the computer's hardware?

Assembly language is indeed a low-level language that serves as a bridge between high-level programming and machine code. It is closely related to the architecture of the specific computer it is written for, allowing programmers to communicate directly with the hardware components of a computer, such as the CPU and memory. Each instruction in assembly language corresponds to a machine language instruction, meaning it provides a more human-readable form of the binary code that a computer understands.

By using mnemonics and symbols instead of binary, assembly language simplifies the programming process while still maintaining a high degree of control over hardware operations. This control is pivotal in scenarios where efficiency and performance are critical, such as in embedded systems or low-level device drivers.

High-level languages abstract away the details of the hardware, making them easier to read and write but less efficient in communicating directly with the hardware. Machine language, while also a low-level operation, consists solely of binary code and is not human-readable. Script languages typically operate at a higher level of abstraction, often designed for automating tasks rather than direct hardware manipulation.