What is an electronic circuit component that performs a Boolean operation called?

A component that performs a Boolean operation is known as a logic gate. Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of digital circuits and are used to perform simple logical functions such as AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. These operations are essential for processing binary data in various electronic devices and systems, enabling them to execute complex computations and decision-making processes based on the input values.

In contrast, a flip-flop is a type of circuit that can store a single bit of data but is specifically designed for memory storage rather than directly performing Boolean operations. A multiplexer is a device that selects one of several input signals and forwards it to a single line, serving a different purpose in data routing. A transistor acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals but does not directly execute Boolean logic, operating instead on the principles of semiconductor physics. Thus, the role of a logic gate in executing Boolean operations distinctly categorizes it as the correct answer.