What are syntax errors in programming?

Syntax errors occur when the code written by the programmer does not conform to the rules and grammar of the programming language being used. This means that there is an incorrect structure, such as missing punctuation, incorrect use of keywords, or improper formatting, which prevents the program from being compiled or interpreted.

When the rules of the language are violated, the compiler or interpreter cannot process the code, resulting in syntax errors. These errors are typically identified at compile time or during the parsing phase, rather than during execution. This understanding is essential for debugging and writing functional code effectively, as it emphasizes the importance of adhering to the specific syntax rules of the programming language.

In contrast, logical mistakes and runtime errors pertain to the program's logic and operation rather than its structure. Logical mistakes arise from incorrect algorithm design or flawed reasoning, while runtime errors occur when the program is executing, often due to unexpected situations like dividing by zero or accessing invalid memory. Performance testing focuses on evaluating how well a program runs, including speed and resource usage, which does not relate directly to syntax adherence.